The caves of France and Spain are well known for their spectacular paintings of ice-age animals, such as mammoths, horses, and bison. They were created by members of our own species during the Upper Palaeolithic. These people also decorated many objects and made figurines and ornamental items, including jewellery. This course explores the rich diversity of this art, including the various ways it was made, the materials used, and what it may have meant to the people who created it.
However, as will be examined in this course, the Upper Palaeolithic art of Europe is not the earliest. If we want to understand the origins of Palaeolithic art we need to go much further back in time. Some earlier hominins showed a distinct interest in shape and colour, for example by sometimes making well-crafted handaxes that were much more refined and symmetrical than seems necessary for functional tools. It appears the oldest cave art in Europe was not made by Homo sapiens but by our Neanderthal cousins, although we find that early modern humans in Africa were decorating themselves and various objects long before the start of the European Upper Palaeolithic.
We will also be considering the evidence for Palaeolithic art created by modern humans in regions beyond Europe, including Siberia, Indonesia, and South America.